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In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (Arabic: يوم القيامة‎) or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Faith" (Arabic: يوم الدين‎) is God's final assessment of humanity. al-Qiyāmah is also the name of the 75th surah of the Qur'an.

The sequence of events according to the most common understanding is the annihilation of all creatures, resurrection of the body and the judgment of all sentient creatures, including the jinn.

Final judgment forms one of the main themes of the Qur'an. Many Qur'anic verses, especially the earliest ones, are dominated by the idea of the nearing Day of Resurrection. ¹²

Importance and Terminology

The importance of the Last Judgement is underlined by the many references to it in the Qur'an and its many names. For example, it is also called "the Day of Reckoning",^{Qur'an 71:18} "the Hour"^{Qur'an 31:34}^{Qur'an 74:47}, "Day of the Account"^{Qur'an 72:130}, "Day of the Gathering", "Day of the Reckoning", "Day of Distress"^Qur'an 74:9 and the "Great Announcement".

Overview

The Last Judgement will be announced by the sounding of a horn by the archangel Israfil, referred to as the Caller.³ This belief is held in common with Jewish eschatology, specifically Yom Terua "The Day of the Blowing of the Horn".⁴⁵

On the other hand, those who truly believe in God and are pious repent their sins and return to "the Garden beneath which rivers flow".⁷ The Qur'an states that even the smallest acts of the believers will not be wasted.

Those who do good and are faithful followers of the religion of Abraham (Jews, Christians and Muslims) will be tested in this world but will be rewarded in the hereafter if their deeds are deemed acceptable by Allah.^Qur'an 2:62⁸

Personification in Qiyāmah

The personification of objects that are not normally considered anthropomorphic is a recurrent motif in Kalam "theology" regarding the wa'dul akhirati (promise of afterlife). For instance, many modern Sunni argue that artists who depict living creatures will be tormented by their creations come to life during the Last Judgment.

Barzakh

Barzakh is a sequence that happens after death, in which the Archangel Azrael, with the help of other angels, separates the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime.^Qur'an 79:1

Three main events take place chronologically which constitute the Barzakh sequence:

3. The Horror of the Grave, the pressure of the grave depending on whether the person was righteous or not.

Muhammad referred to the interrogation as "...the worst hours of a man's life".^{citation needed}

Al-Kawthar

Believers will be led by Muhammad to a vast basin or lake-fount called al-kawthar (Arabic: الكوثر‎), where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. Whoever drinks it never thirsts again. In one hadith, al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise⁹

Judgment

During judgment, a man's or a woman's own book of deeds will be opened, and they will be apprised of every action they did and every word they spoke (Qur'an 54.52-53). Actions taken during childhood are not judged. The account of deeds is so detailed that the man or woman will be in awe at how comprehensive the account is, such that even minor and trivial deeds are included. When the Hour is at hand, some will deny that al-Qiyāmah is taking place and will be warned that al-Qiyāmah precedes the Day of Pining (distress) (Qur'an 30.55-57, 19.39). If one denies a deed he or she committed, or refuses to acknowledge it, his or her body parts will testify against him or her. Ithim (Arabic: إثم‎) are negative points that are reaped for committing sin or whatever is haraam "forbidden". Thawab (Arabic: ثواب‎) are positive points for commission of a good deed done for the sake of God or avoiding what is makruh. If a person accumulates more positive points than negative ones, then he may enter jannah (heaven). If not, he will enter hell. If a person's thawab and ithim are equal then God will decide whether the person will enter either Jannah or Jahannum based on his decision and his Mercy.

The Qur'an states that some sins can condemn someone to hell. These include lying, dishonesty, corruption, ignoring God or His revelations, denying the resurrection, refusing to feed the poor, indulging in opulence and ostentation, and oppressing or economically exploiting others.¹⁰

Throughout judgment, however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by God. The accounts of judgment are also replete with the emphasis that God is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day insofar as it is merited.

This is dissimilar to Christianity, where salvation is by the grace of God (Titus 2:11) through sharing with Jesus Christ the experience of crucifixion, death and resurrection (Romans 6:4, Galatians 2:20, Romans 6:9-11), and salvation is not by deeds (Galatians 2:16, 2:21, 3:6-14). Islam, however, emphasizes that grace does not conflict with perfect justice.

Jahannam (Hell) and Jannah (Heaven)

After judgment (also the yawm al-aakhirah), all men and women are made to cross over a deep abyss, whence the flames of Jahannam (Hell) leap up, on as-Sirāt (الصراط, "the path"). As-Siraat is a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thick as one seventh strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The believers and those destined for Jannah are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into Jahannam.

Concerning the matter of reward or Jannah {(Heaven) (paradise) and Jahannam (punishment), there is the subject of the Intercession (الشفاعة). Hadiths classified as sahih state that Muhammad will be allowed to intercede on behalf of all of mankind, as opposed to the prophets who preceded him who were only able to appeal to nations (Sahîh al-bukhari, book 7 "Tayammum (rubbing hands and feet with dust)", number 331.) Furthermore, a believer will be allowed to plead for members of his family and for his loved ones. Throughout the discourse regarding the ultimate destiny, the consistent tenet is that being sent to Jannah (paradise) or to Jahannam(hell) is a matter in Allah's hands alone (or, in Christian parlance, a matter determined by grace). God is thus the ultimate arbiter and qadi (judge) as to who remains in Jahannam(hell) and who is rescued.

Redemption

In one Hadith, it is related that after the Intercession of Muhammad, God intercedes, repeatedly ordering His angels to fetch out of Jahannam (hell) any who sincerely professed the Shahada (Sahih Bukhari, 3:98). It is also said that those who have done so much as an atom's measure of good or evil will be witness to it (Qur'an 99:7-8), which has been interpreted by some to mean that the smallest amount of virtue or goodness may be sufficient for salvation from eternal punishment, if he is Muslim.. According to mainstream Sunni thought, those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in shirk (idol worship) are not rescued from Jahannam (hell) and instead remain there forever. After the Intercession, life resumes, either in Jannah (paradise) or in Jahannam (hell).

Signs

Among many hadith related to signs of day of judgment, one of the most famous hadith is Hadith of Gabriel.

A narration attributed to Abu Hurairah reports:

“

One day while the Prophet was sitting in the company of some people, (The angel) Gabriel came and asked, "What is faith?" Allah's Apostle replied, 'Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, (the) meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to believe in Resurrection." Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's Apostle replied, "To worship Allah Alone and none else, to offer prayers perfectly to pay the compulsory charity (Zakat) and to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan." Then he further asked, "What is Ihsan (perfection)?" Allah's Apostle replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion then you must consider that He is looking at you." Then he further asked, "When will the Hour be established?" Allah's Apostle replied, "The answerer has no better knowledge than the questioner. But I will inform you about its portents.

When a slave gives birth to her master.
When the shepherds of black camels start boasting and competing with others in the construction of higher buildings. And the Hour is one of five things which nobody knows except Allah.

Muhammad then recited: "Verily, with Allah (Alone) is the knowledge of the Hour--." (31. 34) Then Gabriel left and the Prophet asked his companions to call him back, but they could not see him. Then he said, "That was Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion." Abu 'Abdullah said: He (Muhammad) considered all that as a part of faith. Sahih Bukhari 1:2:47

”

The Mahdi

The coming of the Mahdi (also Mehdi and meaning "the divinely guided one"), which precedes the Second Coming of Isa (Jesus), triggers the redemption of Islam and the defeat of its enemies. The exact nature of the Mahdi differs between Shi'ah Muslims and Sunni Muslims.

"Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before Qiyama (Doomsday) (Day of Judgment), Allah will expand that day to such a length of time, as to accommodate the kingdom of a person out of my Ahlul Bayt who will be called by my name. He will then fill out the earth with peace and justice as it will have been full of injustice and tyranny before then."

The Mahdi comes from Mecca and rules from Damascus, Syria. Isa (Jesus) will defeat Dajjal (literally: deceiver; the false Messiah,) and then shall live on Earth for many years. According to some traditions Isa (Jesus) will get married and have a family, and then die.

The antichrist is physically misshapen, and blind in one eye. He deceives the faithful, teaching them that Jannah is Jahannam and vice versa through his power to work miracles. Upon his head are the Arabic letters [kaf], [fa] and [ra] (kufr). He will revive the dead, and claim to be a god. Some traditions of Islam relate that he will appear at Isfahan, and that he will rally Jews to his support. However, that is not necessarily a majority view.

Mark of the Beast

In the text, Signs of Qayāmah, Muhammad Ali Ibn Zubair Ali states that after the arrival of the Enlightened One, Imam Mahdi, "the ground will cave in, fog or smoke will cover the skies for forty days. A night three nights long will follow the fog. After the night of three nights, the sun will rise in the west. The Beast of the Earth shall emerge. The beast will talk to people and mark the faces of people. A breeze from the south shall cause all the believers to die. The Qur'an will be lifted from the hearts of the people."^{citation needed}

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